Characteristics: Shiny black, large head, 'elbowed' antennae.
Biology: Egg–larva–pupa–adult
Egg: laid by queen
Larvae: legless grubs fed by workers, full grown in about 3 weeks.
Pupae: develop in 2 weeks, guarded by the workers.
Adults: workers, Queens winged at first, 12mm, live for several years.
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