Characteristics: distinctive banding in bright yellow and black, noticeable 'wasp waist', 2 pairs of membranous wings.
Biology: Egg–larva–pupa–adult
Egg: many 1000’s laid by queen in hexagonal cells throughout spring and summer.
Larvae: legless grubs within cells fed by workers on chewed insects, spiders. Develop in 4 week.
Pupae: develop in about 2 weeks within cell.
Adults: workers winged, queen winged, similar coloration but larger.
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