Characteristics: Dark brown to black, shiny and very flattened, leathery front wings, long flexible antenae.
Biology: Egg–nymph–adult
Egg: in ootheca (case) each containing about 16 eggs. Laid at intervals, incubation time 6-12 weeks, longer if cool.
Nymphs: 7-10 moults taking 6-18 months to reach maturity. Live and feed with adults.
Adults: Robust living up to up to 6 months. Partial wings or wing buds, incapable of flight.
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