Characteristics: pale straw yellow, with darker head and abdomen, noticeable black eyes, “twin-bulges” of wait section.
Biology: Egg–larva–pupa–adult
Egg: laid by queens within nest, hatch 1-2 weeks.
Larvae: legless grubs fed by young workers in nest, full grown in about 3-4 weeks.
Pupae: develops in 2 weeks, guarded by the workers in the nest.
Adults: workers, wingless, live about 10-12 weeks. Queen is winged 4-5mm, normally stay in nest, lives up to 10 months. Minimum development temperature 18ƒc, optimum 30ƒc.
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